Snow goggles

Name (French): lunettes
Name (Innu): ussishikukuauna / ussishikukauna
Date Collected: unknown
Institutions: The Rooms, Provincial Museum Division
Catalog Number: III-B-123
Place Made: unknown
Maker: displayed with a collection of caribou skin clothing
Collector: Richard White

Description:

Goggles made from wood with narrow rectangular slit for eyes (approx. 3.5″ long, .75″ wide) and flared sides to fit the facial contours, with a section cut to fit the nose. Skin thong knotted through hole on each side of goggles.

References:

James W. VanStone. 1985. Material Culture of the Davis Inlet and Barren Ground Naskapi: the William Duncan Strong Collection. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. Fieldiana, Anthropology New Series No.7. Drapeau 1991.

For a discussion of snow goggles, refer to Lucien M. Turner, Ethnology of the Ungava District (1894/2001:222-223)

Innu Narrative:

“These are usishikukuauna. They are called mishtuk usishikukuauna. I heard people never had snow blindness when they made this kind. People made these goggles a long time ago.” Pinamen (Rich) Katshinak

“The goggles are made out of ushkuai (birch), uatshinakan (tamarack) or innasht (fir) which is lighter. Even children used to wear them. Manian said she and other children used to wear them in the spring. If they lost them, their father would discipline them.” Manian (Ashini) Michel

“These are goggles. I heard they are good at preventing snow blindness. I heard that no one gets snow blindness when they wear these in the spring. I made these before. I wore them, but I was not good at making them.” Uniam Katshinak

Other Info:

“The collection contains six pairs of snow goggles to protect the eyes of the wearer from the glare of the sun on the snow…Five specimens are cut from single blocks of birch wood and, of this number, three have eye holes and central notch to fit over the nose. Narrow strips of string or tanned caribou skin fitted over the head of the wearer… Two specimens have a broad, rectangular opening in front and are perhaps more accurately termed visors rather than goggles. One of these is blackened on the inside to deflect the sun’s rays and has a headband of sinew… The sixth pair of goggles is made from a single flat strip of birch wood, steamed and bent, with the overlapping ends fastened together with sinews; the front is completely open. There is a notch for the nose and the headband is a strip of sinew.”VanStone (1985:14)

Drapeau (1999) lists ussishikukauna as “lunettes (glasses).”