Deadfall trap (model)

Name (French): trappe (en bois)
Name (Innu): unanikan / unaikan
Date Collected: unknown
Institutions: The Rooms, Provincial Museum Division
Catalog Number: III-B-168
Place Made: unknown
Maker: unknown
Collector: unknown

Description:

Model made from pine, consisting of rectangular base (approx. 5″ thick) with one peg inserted into two corners and a wider peg (and short peg driven through centre), glued to middle of opposite side. Two bars, (approx. 3.25″ x .5″) glued parallel about 1.5″ apart at centre. Four pegs had been inserted and glued along sides of each bar. Model Deadfall printed on surface in corner.

References:

George Cartwright. 1786. In Charles Wendell Townsend (ed.). 1911. Captain Cartwright and his Labrador Journal. Boston: Dana Estes & Company. Sixth Voyage. Daniel Clément. 1997. “Techniques et culture chez les Montagnais de Mingan: la nomenclature des pièges.” Recherches amérindiennes au Québec. 27(1):77-91. James W. VanStone. 1985. Material Culture of the Davis Inlet and Barren Ground Naskapi: the William Duncan Strong Collection. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. Fieldiana, Anthropology New Series No.7.

Other Info:

In the days before metal traps, the Innu used wooden deadfalls to trap furbearing animals. These traps were made various sizes depending on the size of the animal to be trapped. Small uanaikan were used to trap mink and martin. Large ones were used to trap black bear. Even in recent times, Innu trappers used deadfalls, particularly at times when they ran out of metal traps.

“When they have good success among the deer, they also kill most furs; for then, they have leisure to build, and attend to deathfalls, in which they kill foxes and martens.”  Cartwright (1911[1786]:350)

“Three model marten deadfalls were made for Strong, but unfortunately many of the pieces are now missing and the traps can no longer be reconstructed with certainty. Nevertheless, they are clearly of the underpropped, Samson-post type…and were probably baited with fish.”  VanStone (1985:13)